China Zhongyuan Empowers AI Computing Industry with World's Largest Liquid Cool
June 25,2026
Recently, good news has come from the Phase II project of the National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen, which is designed and engineered by China Zhongyuan, a subsidiary of China National Machinery Import & Export Corporation (CMC). The "Lingsheng" domestically produced supercomputer deployed in the project has achieved a sustained computing performance of over 2E Flops, reaching a world-leading level and marking a significant achievement in the field of high-end computing with full-stack autonomy and control in China.
Faced with the enormous energy consumption challenge of E-level computing power, China Zhongyuan, relying on its profound scientific research heritage and cutting-edge design concepts, has built the world's largest centralized liquid cooling system*, successfully solving the technical problem of high energy consumption in E-level supercomputing and contributing to the construction of the computing power base with core technology innovation.
Where is this liquid cooling system "amazing"?
◆Unity of "Large" and "Precise": Traditional cooling modes often use multiple dispersed CDUs (Cooling Distribution Units) for each row of cabinets. However, facing the ultra-high heat generation of E-level supercomputing cabinets, the dispersed scheme can lead to massive equipment redundancy, chaotic pipe intersections, and a surge in failure points. China Zhongyuan uses a centralized CDU architecture in this system, managing the cooling of the entire system in a concentrated manner, akin to upgrading from "each household having its own well" to a "city-level water supply network". This architecture allows the secondary side pipes to reach a total length of 3214.7 meters, with a system net weight of 243.9 tons, while still maintaining precise and controllable hydraulic balance, enabling hundreds of tons of cooling liquid to flow precisely according to the designed speed, accurately cooling each computing chip with pinpoint precision.
◆Balancing "High Temperature" and "High Pressure": The project adopts a high-temperature liquid cooling scheme to enhance the utilization of natural cooling and annual energy efficiency. However, the large-scale high-temperature water circulation brings a series of harsh challenges such as system pressure risk control, pipe sealing reliability, and hydraulic transmission energy consumption. China Zhongyuan has designed a main ring pipe with a cross-sectional dimension of 1200mm for this, matching a circulation pump with an electric power of up to 315kW, to accurately deliver a total cooling capacity of 57900kW – this is almost equivalent to embedding an industrial-grade thermal network precisely within the data center. In addition, the heat exchange capacity of a single plate heat exchanger is as high as 8700kW, which is backed by multiple engineering details such as thermal stress simulation, multi-level redundant pump group intelligent switching, seismic sealing, and overpressure protection, ensuring the system remains stable under extreme conditions.
◆PUE value reduced to an extremely low level: The Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) of traditional air-cooled data centers is usually between 1.3-1.5, meaning for every 1 kWh consumed for computing, 0.5-0.8 kWh is used for cooling. This system, with its precisely designed liquid cooling cycle architecture, achieves efficient cooling of high-density computing devices through precise temperature control, efficient heat exchange, and dynamic load adjustment, reducing the PUE value to below 1.2, controlling the energy usage efficiency value at an extremely low level, and effectively improving the efficiency of energy transformation and use.
At the same time, the project introduces a 14-way 20kV high-voltage direct current distribution + full chain redundancy architecture, equivalent to equipping the supercomputer with "multiple hearts," allowing seamless switching in case of power failure in any route, ensuring that the 2E-level computing power never "skips a beat." This power system is deeply coupled with the liquid cooling system, together forming the "circulatory system" and "nervous center" of the supercomputing center, ensuring that the full-stack autonomous "Lingsheng" can stably output world-class computing power.
The Phase II project of the National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen is a major scientific and technological facility that China Zhongyuan continues to serve after completing the design of Phase I. China Zhongyuan continues to support technological leaps with scientific innovation, improving energy conversion efficiency, and helping to implement large-scale domestic supercomputing and intelligent computing systems, providing customers with reliable, green, and efficient modern data center solutions. In the future, China Zhongyuan will continue to consolidate its scientific and technological innovation capabilities, deeply participate in the practice of "East Data West Computing," serve the construction
Source : www.51cm.org
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